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premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iilustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

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d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

1  2  3 

4  5  6 


i 


I 


i 


SATITHSONIAX    IXS'i  1  r(;rT(.),\.    ■ 

UNrrE'.D    STATES    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


THE  uLO.  OR  WOMAN'S    KNIFE,  OF  THE  ESKIMO. 


15Y 


OTIS  T.  M.ASON, 


P'rom  ' Ue  Keporl  i-(  the  N.m  i;;'    Mu-tum  ;•>?  i     j.  t.pi  e.- 4m-«i6 


4 

WASHINGTON  { 

GOVliRNMl.NI     I'KINJINC    Ol'HCE. 


V  "   ' 


.  /*' 


SMITHS*  )XiA\   ixsrrri' TioN. 

UNITEl-i    STATES-     NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


THE  ULU.  OR  WOMAN'S   KI-IIPE,  OF  THE  ESKIMO. 


FY 


OTIS  T^   MASnx, 

Curula>\  Dr'i^irtnf-nt  ■.\/'  Ethuolo^. 


From  liie  Report  of  the  N.itioniil  Mu?.t;um  for  i£jo,  pages  <:  i  416 
(wi-h  I'iates  1,11   LXXll). 


WASHINGTON  I 

GOVEkNMk.NI     I'RIM'ING   OttK. 
1892. 


uti  9 


TIIK 


WilMW'S  KXIFK,  iiF  TIIF,  KSKIMO. 


Itv  Oris  'I'.  Mason. 


The  iippaidtusdi'Scrihcd  in  this  pa]H'r  finds  its  nindorn  rcinos^Mi lilt ivo 
In  tlic  siiddlcr's  Ivnilt',  tlio  sliot'iiiiilvi'i's  Juiifc,  the  tiiiloi's  slioars,  tlii! 
biitclici's  kiiiie,  tli(>  (i.siiimniyci's  l;nit«',  iiiid  tin  kiftilicn  knifr.  A  cu- 
rious survival  of  tbrm  vvitli  cliiiii;:o  of  fiuKstion  is  tlic  coniiium  Ititc^lion 
"  dioppiuy  knife,''  wiiicli  woman  may  be  said  to  liavc  lield  in  lior  ])o,s- 
H»',8sion  wince  llio  birth  of  invention.  Tliis  little  instrunient  that  ha«ever 
attended  the  march  of  civilization  is  called  "  uln,"  or  "  ooloo,"  l>y  tlie 
Eskimo,  or  more  commonly  the  "  woman's  knife." 

It  is  well  to  r<M'.all  in  this  (ioiincction  that  in  savagery  the  jieacefnl 
arts,  such  as  honsemakiii':',  furnishiui;-,  tailorin;^,  imtchering,  sleaninj;', 
milling,  rjoking,  spinning,  matting,  weaving,  and  tlie  like,  belong  to 
women.  Many  of  tlie  stone  implements  and  pottery  vessels  recovered 
from  the  moninls  and  graves  are  found  witli  skeletons  of  feinah's.  In 
the  study  of  culture,  thereloie,  th(,' work  of  women  can  not  be  over- 
looked. 

The  motive  for  bringing  togetliei-  this  series  of  objects,  however,  is  to 
show  how,  by  means  of  a  very  simple  foi'm  or  invention,  some  of  the 
most  ditilicult  i)roblems  t)f  aut!)ro[)ology  may  be  discussed.  They  will  be 
taken  ui)in  thci  following  order: 

(1)  zVmong  the  same  race  or  stock,  and  in  the  same  ]teriod,  there  are 
varieties  of  form,  structure,  and  decoration,  i)ei!uliar  to  separate  culture 
aieas. 

(2)  Upon  the  simidesi  as  uixui  tlie  most  com])licated  appliance  of 
human  activity  the  earth  and  its  productions  leave  unmistakable  im- 
pressions. J 

(3)  The  coarseness  or  refinement  of  a  tribe  or  hxMtiou  is  revealed  iji 
the  tools  of  the  commonest  occui)ation. 

(4)  The  aits  am',  apparatus  of  savagery  are  continued  into  civilization, 
and  with  change  of  name  or  function  retain  some  of  their  original  form. 

There  are  a  great  many  exami»les  of  the  Ulu  in  the  National  Museum, 
and  there  are  thousands  of  j>ieces  of  shite,  shale,  (juartzite,  and  orher 
stone  which  coriespond  exactly  with  the  blades  of  the  Eskimo  woman\>4 
knife.  These  have  been  gathered  from  village  sites,  shell  lieai)s,  the 
surface  of  the  soil,  from  graves,  mounds,  and  Indian  camps  in  countless 
numbers.    This  need  surprise  no  one  who  reflects  that  every  woman 

411 


412 


UKl'OUT    OK    NA'rrONAL    MUSKUM,  l«f)0. 


and  ('v»>i'y  </\r]  iiinimf,'  I  lie.  Ajiicriciin  iil><)ri};iii(>.s  IkuI  oiio  otiuorc  of  tliose 
iiKli.spcn.siiblc  iinpUMiicnls.  To  tioiicoivt^  of  a  .siiva^'r  without  ii  kiiile  is 
to  (joiuioivc.  of  iiuni  before  in;  lu-hl  tlio  Mimplcst  iiiv<Miti()ii  in  liis  liautl 
with  whU-h  to  liolp  liiinself, 

Tlit^  simplest  form  of  knife  is  a  liaise  or  s[)all  of  tlinty  <)r  {glassy  ma 
terial  knocked  from  a  stone  or  a  <;ore  so  as  to  ]»resi'rve  a  euttinij  etl^je. 
A  few  knives  from  Point  Harrow  are  of  this  very  primitive  eliaraetei-, 
but  these  really  are  not  within  the  olassi  here  described  ;  the  nlu  as  it 
nowadays  exists  is  a  eoini)lt'\  alfair,  eonsistnifr  <»*  a  bl.'ide  and  a  handle 
or  fiiip  with  or  without  some  foi-in  of  lashinjf.  The  blade  is  citlii'r  a 
thin  piece  of  slate  ;;idniid  to  an  (^d)fe,  a  bit  of  cherty  or  tlinty  rock  chipped 
to  !Ui  ed};e,  a  scraii  of  steel  or  iron  IVcim  wrecks  of  whaling  vessels,  (►r 
good  blades  made  and  sold  to  th(i  Kskimo  Ity  traders  who  visit  their 
eonntry  (IM.  Lll  to  lA'xti). 

The  liamlle  of  this  »!ommon  implement  varies  greatly  in  material, 
form,  and  tinish.  In  torn)  alone  the  Kp«^oimens  from  each  tyi)ical  area 
are  unique.  So  much  so  that  oiic  who  has  handled  a  great  many  of  them 
finds  no  dilliculty  in  relegating  a  stray  example  to  its  proper  compan- 
ionships. 

In  the  tnatter  of  attaching  the  blade  to  the  handle  or  grip  the  I-'ski- 
mo's  mother  wit  has  not.  deserted  her.  Many  of  the  blades  are  tightly 
littc:d  into  a  socket  (tv  groove  of  the  handle.  Hoas,  who  lived  annmg 
tlie  Oumbeiland  (liilf  lOskimo,  tells  us  that  glue  is  made  ol':i  mixture 
of  seal's  blood,  a  kind  of  clay,  and  dog's  hair  (Ivoi).  '*'i>'-  I'^thnol.,  vi, 
5'Jfi). 

Among  the  western  Mskimo  it  is  quite  common  to  cut  a  hole  through 
the  blade  and  the  handle  and  to  fisten  the  two  together  by  a  sewingor 
lashing  of  rawhide,  whalebone,  i)ine  roof,  or  sinew  cord.  There  is  one 
specimen  with  a  grip  of  a  still  mon^i)rimitive  ehara<4(!r.  The  solid  han- 
dle is  re|)laeed  by  a  basketwork  of  spruce  root  woveu  around  the  thick 
upi)er  portion  of  the  blade  (IM  LXi,  tig.  1.)  Archa-ologists  are  especually 
asked  to  note  this  diuice,  explaining  how  a  grip  may  be  provided  by 
ingenious  savages  I'ven  when  a  mortise  is  impracticable. 

In  this  chapter,  as  in  others  devoted  tt>  the  Eskimo,  it  is  tbund  con- 
venient to  divide  the  American  lJy])erborean  region  into  the  following 
culture  areas :  fjabrador  and  IJngava  (PI.  LV,  Fig.  3);  (Ireeidainl  (PI. 
Lll,  J. Ill,  LlV,  Pig.  1);  Halliii  Land  (PI.  Liv,  Figs.  2  and  .'},  IM.  LV,  Fij^s. 
1  and  li) ;  ]\Iacken/ie  River  District  (PI.  l.Vl  and  PI.  LVII,  Fig.  1); 
Point  Barrow  (PI.  LVll,  Figs.  2  and  3,  PI.  i.vill,  PI.  Lix);  Kot/.ebue 
Sound  (PI.  liX  and  i.xi,  Figs.  1  ami  2);  Sledge  Island,  St.  Lawrence 
lisland,  and  Asiatic  side  (PI.  LXi,  Fig.  '?,  PI.  i.xii.  Figs.  1  and  2;  Nor- 
ton Sound  and  Yukon  District  (IM.  lxii,  Fig.  3,  PI.  LXiii,  LXiv,  LXV, 
LXVi) ;  Nunivak  Island  and  mainland,  and  Kuskokvim  mouth  (PI.  i.xvii 
Figs.  2  and  ."}) ;  Bristol  liay,  Peninsula  of  Alaska,  Kadiak  and  vicinity 
(PL  LXA'iii  to  Lxxi,  Figs.  1  and  2);  Indians  of  Southeast  Alaska  (PI. 
Lxxr,  Fig. .!,  PI.  Lxxii.)  Some  of  these  are  further  divided  by  types 
and  forms  of  olyecls. 


TIIK    VIA',    (»U    \Vi.)MAN's    KNII  r.,    OK    Tin.    ruSKlMO. 


H3 


ll.-RKClONVr.  I\Kr-KKNCh;«. 

|(  is  |M(»  wi'll  kiHtw  II  (o  Ik>  iii'j^iicil  (hilt   Mn'iT  lUf  (-(irtain   ;,'r('Hf  cuI 

tmc  aiv.ii.v  (Wi  111 irtli,   uiuTi'.   in:iii  liitiistir  aii*l  all  lliat    Im-  cniUrs 

alt)  litli'd  to  natural  cKiKJilicMi.s  di.stiiKit  ciioii;,'!!  to  i^MVf  )(Uiii  aii<t  color 
to  (nciytliiii;;.  TImi  hlskiiiio  luml  is  oiio  of  llu'sc  ciiIhik"  ansis.  It  iiiav 
have  I'scaiM'd  ohscrvat ion.  Iiowcvrr,  tliat  in  Hicso  limits  tliurc  iirt-  oJli'ii 
Miiliilivision.soi'  ^s^ll)  art-as  uliioli  iinprcMs  a  *still  more  dfiinile  and  tli,stiiict 
mark  on  man  and  lii.'^  civili/ation. 

TlicMVoMi, Ill's  knirt'  is  Coiind  liirouglionf  liic  Kskiino  region,  (rom  Lal» 
fiidoi'to  Katliak,  Soinc  port  foils  of  this  Ii.n  |>(mI)oi  can  strip  have  loii;;-  liccn 
under  the  iiilliicn<',c  of  the  inisMJonary,  the  trader,  and  the  lisherinan, 
and  their  ])art  in  deleiijiiiiiii!;  tiie  sliiictnrc  of  tlie  iiln  wid  .sdoii  l>e  made 
to  appear.  Unt  thealteniai  ion  of  .slateandcliert  in  tin-  lilaile  is  f^ovei  tied 
by  natural  (londitions,  the  almiidanec  of  the  niateiial  in  the  sicinity.  A 
possihility  of  iraftii-  iniisl  always  he  aHowed  for;  Imt  in  a  tariff  nnmlter 
of  iiiiphnneiits  of  this  kind,  if  they  were  classed  by  the  material  of  (he 
bladi!,  the  localities  would  not  l)e  very  badly  ini.vcd.  Miu,  failing,'  in 
this,  tlu'  iiandlii  t)r  ;j;rip  comes  to  tiie  help  of  the  stiideiit.  If  this  be 
made  of  antler  we  arc  somewhere  within  the  limit«  of  the  moose  or  tiie 
reindeer.  In  tlic  Ilndsoii  I'.ay  rej^ion  some  of  (he  handles  ariiof  musk- 
ox  hum, iv  tiling  possible  in  fj;reat  numbers  only  where  this  creature 
alxMiiids.  And,  rirc  rersa,  the  presence  of  the  iniisk  ox  may  be  based 
upon  the  occmrenco  of  implements  made  uf  the  horn.  Walrus  ivory 
handles  not  (Uily  indicate  the  i)res<Mice  of  the  walrus  at  any  <;i\en  point, 
but  ill  a  jfreat  collection  like  that  in  the  National  Mnsenm,  the  abun- 
dance and  accessibility  t>f  the  walrus  arc  indicated  by  the  dillnsion  of  the 
specimens.  A  j^reat  many  handles  of  wood  in  the  south  of  Alaska  s[)eak 
with  sullicient  clearness  of  the  fact  that  this  material  is  more  abundant 
in  soiue  localities  than  in  others. 


HI. -DlUiKKK.^  OF  RKFINKMMNT. 

The  I'lskimo  furnish  the  best  of  all  the  remaining  uncivilized  areaw 
for  the  examination  of  the  grade  and  kind  of  civilization  ]toss(>s,sed  by 
any  people  as  indicated  by  their  arts.  Some  of  the  nliis  in  the  National 
Mn.seuin  are  as  coarse  as  savagery  could  make  them  ;  others  are  very 
beautiful.  Indeed  the  same  locality  furnishes  both  and  intervening 
kiinls,  due,  without  doubt,  to  individual  ability  or  [lersonality.  lUit 
some  areas  furnish  only  coarse  work,  wliije  others  supply  the  most 
beautiful.  The  problem  is  a  eomple.K  one,  and  innst  be  studied  with 
caution.  White  inrtnenee  has  <;rept  in  to  embarrass  the  question,  giving 
the  following  classes  of  results  : 

(1)  Knives  made  out  and  out  by  white  men  and  sold  to  the  Eskimo, 
having  blades  of  steel  riveted  into  handles  of  antler  cut  by  machinery. 

(2)  Specimens  made  appar"ntly  partly  by  the  shij>'s  l)Ia<;ksmith  and 
partly  by  the  native,  a  kind  of  joint  i)roduction. 


T 


4U 


Uyi'OUT   OK    VATFONAfi    MUKKUM,   IWO. 


(.'{)  HiM'(!iiiu'ii«  iiiihIc  IVnii  inm.  wood,  jiiiil  oiIum' iiiatiM iitls  ;,'iUh«*r««l 
frotii  wnM'liK.  TImi  ait  m  ilii.»(jaHO  jh  more  tl(!<;i(U'(lly  iiativo  tliaii  it  in 
ill  Nos.  1  ;ilii|  1!. 

( t)  .S|)i(Mriicns  iiiatli'  of  iiativo  iinilerial,  hut  tlm  «!arviny[  on  flio 
liaiidlfs  WHS  iluiH-  will)  iron  or  stmM  bladt's  sv{  in  native  Ii.ukIU'h.  This 
toini  of  uhiH  marks  a  very  in'<5uliar  pliaso  <ir  c.ontat^t  bi'tweiMi  Hava^^-ry 
ami  eiviUzatioii,  wortli.v  <*(  uarytiil  study  by  all  luohiioloyists  and  iircli- 
aMdoyiNts.  'I'o  lie  more  ex|di(;it,  when  tiie  voyuutuis  and  e\|»|MrerH 
entered  the  I'ui'  proiliieiiij,'  se<!ti(ms  (d  our  continiiiL  in  the  sixteenth 
eeiitiiry,  (he.v  muAle  no  attempt  to  ehunyje  a  Kiii{:fle,  industry  or  soe,ial 
Htrnctiire  id'  th<i  al>orinines.  Tliey  only  smi^'ht  to  prollt  liy  their  native 
ailM,  ;ind  in  ord<'r  t(»  ih)  no  simply  n'lnovecl  the  st(me  arrow  (loiiit  to 
siilistitiite  one  ot  hoojiiron,  or  replaced  the  bow  by  a  iielier  impleineiit, 
the  idle.  11"  at  the  same  time  the.  traders  broii^ht  steelbladed  poeket 
knives,  steel  files,  and  a  few  otlier  primitive  tools,  and  if  at  this  period 
the  iiiitives  wei  ■  -itill  building'  moumts  and  earviii};  stone,  then  we 
coiiM  easily  aei'.oiint  ty)r  the  nuu'e  relined  pipes  and  olliea-  artefacts 
which  seem  to  point  to  a  knowleil;;e  ol'  steel,  wtilioiit  rei.itiirse  lo  tln^ 
8iisi)icioii  ol'  fraudulent  iiiaiiufa(;ture.  At  any  rale,  the  art  of  ivoi'y 
carving  bloomed  out  amonj,'  the  Eskimo  lUi  the  acquisition  of  steel 
carving  t<tols.  The  Uussiuu  fur  trader ■»  and  the  Hudson  tJay  factors 
have  lieeii  always  careful  to  jireserve  the  native  la  Ins  sim|>lic,it.y  and 
to  break  up  liis  manner  of  living  as  little  iis  possible.  When  this 
golden  mean  was  transitended  the  native  ait  began  to  decay.  The 
most  iiiielligent  and  skillful  were  wit  i  over  to  the  higher  arts  of  the 
cultured  race.'i  and  the  older  arts  were  let!  to  languish  in  the  suburbs 
even  of  barbarism. 

(5)  Specimens  entirely  native  in  material  and  workmanship.  These 
are  the  rare  sjiecimens,  treiiuently  old,  mostly  from  out  of  the  way 
places  and  not  <d'  the  highest  (inisli.  The  liinilations  are  those  incident 
to  the  poorer  tools  of  savagery,  The.v  iiave  blades  cf  polisheii  slate 
or  chi|)|>eil  stone;  handles  of  wood,  bone,  ivory  or  antler;  glue  uf 
ualive  manufacture  or  lashing  of  spruce  root,  rawhide,  or  siuow. 


IV.-.SI'KV1VAL8. 

The  ulii  is  found  in  civilization  under  t^'o  well-known  forma,  the 
Haddlor's  knife  and  the  kitchen  knife. 

The  saddler's  knife  may  lie  seen  in  the  han<ls  of  a  workman  on  the 
Epyptiaii  monuments  (IM.  i.ii,  I'ig.  1).  showing  that  very  early  in  the  his- 
tory of  industry,  just  as  soon  as  a  sufficient  number  of  men  could  be  re- 
lieve<l  from  the  function  of  weapim  bearing,  they  little  by  little  assumed 
some  of  the  more  mascniline  of  wuman's  occupations.  It  is  just  as  if  the 
woman  of  an  advancing  peoiile  had  taught  the  man  to  work  in  leather 
nnd  had  then  passed  over  to  him  the  apparatus  of  the  craft.  It  is 
worthy  of  notice  that  the  shoemaker  has  repudiated  the  ulii  form  ami 
the  cutting  I'rom  him  and  has  adopted  the  common  knife.     The  sad<l!er 


TJIK    I'LU,    (III    WOMAN  S    KNIFK,    OK    TMK    KSKIMn, 


im 


|>«>r|)e(uat<-s  tor  ciittin;^'  liMtlicraii  ini|il(>ini'iit  t1f.si);iiiMl  to  l>c.  uucd  with 
MkiiiH  IVoiii  \vlii<'h  the  liiiir  Uhh  not,  Ihm  n  riiiiovi'il. 

l'Ui\  kif(  hell  cJiopiMT  it'prt'stMits  ii  vm'.v  dillrnMit,  (conception,  no  k'.ss 
thiiii  thi- roiiliiiiiiitinri  of  it  Mtriu-tiu'c  with  ^itMt  iriodilicutiuii  of  tiiiic- 
tinii.  It  is  siiil  liiu  wuiiiiiir.s  liiiitV  (Irpiivfil  i»t  iioiitiy  ail  its  aiiciiMit 
ami  pritnitivo  ollites,  coiiNi^iuMl  to  a  sinj^lo  one  wliicii  it  8rai(!«l.>  liad  at 
tlm  Itofiiiiniii!,'.  l<'i'(Mii  tliiH  we  air  It'il  to  I.Ihi  n'Ucctioii  tJuit  it  i.s  uaMier 
l«»  «liiiii;;o  till!  culliin'  of  woiin'ii  than  the  cultiiif  of  in»'n.  Civili/atioii 
lifts  up  HiiA .ij;ei'.y  aliiio.st  oxi;lusiv»'l.v  tliiouuh  nnoiikmi.  Mi'ii  j^'o  down  in 
tlu^  siruj^gU',  t',an  not  loarn  occupations  dianu'trM'all.v  opposite  to  iIiomm 
they  have  Ikhmi  pinsuiiij;,  and  occupalions  which  Ihioiiyh  j,aMH'iatioiiH 
they  have  considered  de;^'radin{,', 

LIST  01-'   SPECIMKNS  ON    WIIICU   THIS   INVKSTKIATION    WAS   HASEIi. 

From  the  foundation  of  the  National  Mnseiun  many  friends  have 
hrouRlit  specimens  from  the  Kskinio  re^'ion,  The  ol>li};atioiis  of  every 
student  are  due  and  can  not  he  too  emphatically  expressed  to  Kenckner, 
liessels.  Turner,  Kumlien,  Miintzer,  Moas,  Hall,  Mi;l'\trlaii.',  lioss,  Kea- 
nicott,  liay.  Murdocli,  Hereudeen,  Stoney,  l>aker,  Dall,  Klliott,  iNelson, 
Api»le/,'ate,  Johnson,  Fisher,  McLean,  Swan,  and  others  not  now  re- 
calU'il.  The  Alaska  Commercial  Company  has  lost  no  opportunity  to 
help  in  the  matter  ami  has  Kiitl»<*>'<'d  on  the  west  coast  one  of  the  l>est 
8'UM?8  of  Eskimo  ol>iects  in  the  world.  The  accompany iiij,'  list  does  not 
include  every  specimen  in  the  museum ;  it  embraces  only  those  on  which 
this  investigation  was  based. 


Mus  Oat. 

Ni..       I 


163() 

2272 
58l3  <M0) 

7419 

lo:;ir.  ("D 

2t3r,3 

24;io:. 

24305 
21376 

2n97;i 
33628 
33744 
33745 
33766 
3R310 
37327 
37741 
37960 
38120 


Locality. 

Anrti'MuuKiver. . 

...do 

MiKmuio  .XutltT- 

Hoii  llivor. 
Kort  Amlcrsiiii   - . . 

Kep;il«<«  Buy 

Kootznon  IiiiliiuiH 

Norton  Lslund 

...do 

St.  Mithat'ls 

....do 

Cumberland  tiiilf 

do 

St.Michapls 

...do  

St.  Michiiflla 

i  Noi-I  on  Sound.. ... 

Knnjjisr" 

Ajjiiikchiif'uluk  .. 

Kougii; 

Ifiigivtnut 

Niilokh 


Hy  wboiii  col. 
lected, 

McFurlaiin. 
I»o. 
Do, 

Uo. 
Hall. 

Swan. 
Xunipr. 

»o. 
L.  M.  Tiirn'T 
TuriitT. 

W.  A.  MiniZL'i. 
Ntdson. 

Do. 

T)o. 

Do, 

Do. 

Do. 

Uo. 

Do. 

Do. 


Mil.'*  Cat. 

No. 

3H255 
383tl6 
43432 

43HA0 
439o9 
44l>iO 

454hU 
462'.(i 
4«257 
48H23 

i 
(7infi: 
48H4il   i' 

,7lflS) 
48(!:il 

559  It) 

5591C 

5,S918 


I-dCftlitV. 


Bv  whom  col- 

loctoil. 


Ij.  Viikon  llivi>r. 

Nf  wliikli 

St.  MichiiidH 

Unalakl«iot 

Xiibviakcliiilifik  .. 

(.'ap"  Dailiy 

i.;ii|n'  Nomo   

S(  MirliHclg 

I'lover  Hay I   DhU. 

Noiiiviik  Nilson. 

Ki>.il).  Yukon  -  — I         Do. 


N(I.Hcin. 
Do. 
Do 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


.do 


do 


III  JHtol  Hay . 

...do  

...do  


55018  '....ilo 


55918 
.'>6660 
63705 


...do  

Point  Itiirrow  . 
Uolhnni  Itil^t 


Do. 

Do 

MtKiiy. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Kay. 
Nelson, 


416 


RKI'OKT    OK    NATIONAL    MUSEUM,   1890. 


Matt.  (ut.  T    .»ii. 

No       I  LiM'alit.v. 

6;t7(M1  !  Iliitliaiii  Inlet.... 

63916  I  UriM'iilaml 

63919  |....<lo 

72510  j  KiMliak 

7J6I1  ;  Ka(li;ik(r)  Oilova 

n:m  '.  siiku 

7r)4!N>  I  K»l7,i>)iuo  lnUxDil 

73497  j.. ..(!(. 

75-llff  ',.... ik) 

"tlfiTCi     ("a|)f  T.iMliiiino  .- 
S8(i78     I'oinl  Hanow  . . .. 

I'tfil'^  .  HritHli  (Jdliiiiiliirt 

8',I5!JI  j  I'dint  liiiriow   . 

80".'4.".~4';  :  ...ill) 

8!H.7.";  !   ...il.) , 

Him;-,   ....do 

^9fif4     I'o.iil  Uni'Mni    ... 


By  w1inii\  0(»l- 
l»>i'teU. 


Nelauo. 
Kiuukor. 
Do. 

f'iHlior. 

Uo. 
UcLi'an. 
Stoiie.v. 

Do. 

Do. 
11.  I>.  Woolf.'. 

Siviiii. 
liay. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do 

Dii 


'  MiiH.  Cat. 
No. 


811(187 
896K8 

8%8g 

89U0I) 
U0'J,>9 
'JOKVJ 
UOllO 

ia,'04:! 

12738!) 
l'J7;2-> 
1J77:;6 
];ioi;i7 


I.oimIIIv. 


Hy  wliiMii  iMiI- 

llX'ltMl. 


Point  H.ii low K,iy. 

...tl(. Do. 

-..<Ii> I        Do. 

...ill) j         J)o. 

.. ..•{', '        Do. 

lj'n>!avii  liiriiii 

ItriHtol  ISay Fi.'ther. 

Koiliak    '    Do. 

...ilo !     Do. 

St.   I.awrouc-  l»\-     NolHoti. 
anil. 

Smith  Islantl  . . 
I'o^iHk  Uivcr  . 
luuHln'k  Kivor. 
l''ott  \V'ran;j;()l  . 
i:!.MHlik 


Dr.  K.  IIohnaIs. 
Aii|iU'i;:ito. 

Do. 
FisliiT, 

Do. 


Kimkokvini  Kiver.  Vy.  Aillw, 


T 


1>1 


ir:;-'«y^,?^r.u-e&«i:,iii:r. 


T 


EXPLANATION     OF    PLATE     Lll. 

Egyptian  Leather-worker,  and  East  Greenland  ulus. 

Fi^'.    I.   An   K^yiitiiiii  lf;itlii'i-\V(irk(T  iisiii";  the  ••  s;i(lilli'i"s  knife"  or  saddler's  ulii. 

From  Wilkinson. 
Fi^s   'J,:!. and  I.    East  (Jnvnland  form  of  nlii.  from    flolnrs   EtlinoKraphic  Sketcli, 

I'l.   XIX.   to  he  rompanMl    with    Mackenzie   Hiver   tyiie.    IM.    V    of  thi;:; 

jiaper.     Hoth  sliow  contact  with  lMiro|H'an  whalers  and  fur  traders. 


T 


Report  of  National  Museum,  1890.— Mason. 


Plate  LII 


Egyptian  Leather-worker,  and  East  Greenland  Ulus. 


/-^ 


-//f 


T 


^X 


-^/f 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     Llll. 

Greenland  ulus,  en  Woman's  Knives. 

V'v^  I.  rill  from  Kiist  (ircciiliiiid.  lo  he  ((iiiipiircd  with  1^1.  Ill  mid  IV  of  tltis 
work.     From  Holm's  Ktlinoj^rapliic  Skclrli,  IM.  XIX. 

FbA.  -2.  Wo.Man's  KN11.-K  (TM).  HIadi'ol  iron  in  form  of  ll.c  bottom  of  a  lu'll,  in- 
sertitl  in  i\  fi;roovf  of  tlif  walrus  ivory  iiaiuili'.  Tlu'  latter  is  in  two  pit'ces 
sewed  toyjctlier  witli  sinew  tliioad.  its  upper  portion  projecting;  at  the  ends. 
Width  of  Made  ;'.  inehes. 

Cat.  X.>,  ivTdt:!,  r   S.  N.  JI.     EsU-iiiionf  Smith  Sniin.l.  (ii-ci'iiliuul.   'iifl  of  (lovfj-iior 
IV'iifker. 

Fiji.  ;i.  Wom.xn's  KxiKKdiA').  ]?lade  of  iron  in  form  of  a  vertical  .segment  of  a 
lieil,  inserted  in  ;i  j;ro()ve  of  ihe liecji veil  ivory  liandle.  Handle,  U  inches  ; 
blaile,  I'j  inches. 

Cat  N".i  iiil'.MK.  r,  S   N,  M,     Kskiino  of  liKTimvik.  (Jrceiilanil,  IK^i.    (iift  of  (iovenior 
I'Viii-lcn-. 


r 


Report  of  Naiioral  Museum,  1890.     Mason. 


Plate  LIU. 


Gheenland  Ulus,  or  Woman's  Knives. 


' 


tm 


yj6 


ff-/ 


' 


'/iO 


if-t 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     LIV, 

Ulus,  or  Woman's  Knives,  of  Cumberland  Gulf. 

Fig.  1.  Woman's  Kmi'k  (I.ti,i  ).  liludc  of  iron  in  (orin  <it'  ii.  .si'^cmumiI  nl  ;i  cin  Ic, 
willi  ii  slfiidiT  siciii  iiiscrtc'l  ill  11  spiiiilli'-l'onn  liiiiidlc  of  ivorv.  Hlinli-. 
T)  iiK'lu's  ;  .-.tfiri.  '''i  inclics. 

Cut.  No.  liM'.IKi.  r.  S,  N.  M.     rjiiTiiavik,  CiviMiliiiiil,  1S.H-.'    (iilt   of  (li.vcrfmr  Ki'iirkiT. 

Fig.  2.  Woman, s  Knifk  ici-L').  lUaiic  slifihtly  (•ifscciit-shaiM'd.  rivctcil  to  tlic  iron 
stem  ont'  sidi'  hy  nu'.'in^  ol'  tlirrc  iron  rivets.  Tlu'Ki'ip  i^"f  oidv.  prolmhly 
from  a  wlialc  siii|).  Tlic  smitliinv:  is  wry  rude.  Ijcnutli  of  Made,  ."i^ 
inrlics. 

Cat.  N(i.  :.",i'.i;;i,  r.  s,  N,  M,     ICskinm  nf  Ciiiulii'i-hiinl  ( lull.  isn;.     Cdllccti'd  liv  I.iciit. 
W.  T.  Minli'.cT. 

FiK-  '•>■  Woman's  Knifk  (ii.r).  Ultidc  ol  iron,  slender,  the  two  ends  reseinliliii!>r 
bowie-knife  |>oints.  This  is  riveted  to  ;i  plate  of  iron  serviiii;  as  a  stem 
driven  ihroiiiiii  a  htindle  of  otdc.  Rude  smithing::  ehariieteristic,  of  tliis 
area,     Len.iilh  of  |p]:ide,  t{  inches. 

Cat.  Nl).  --".Hr.H  1,0,  C  S.  N.  M.     IvskiriK,  iil'  Ciiiiibriliiiid  (iiilf      Co'l.vt.'d   l.y  IJi-iit. 
W.  T.  Mint/er. 


Report  0'  N^limal  Muieum,   i8J0.     M«on. 


Plate  LIV. 


i 


Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  of  Cumberland  Gulf. 


I 


■^  ,/:- 


y*' 


ii' 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     LV. 

Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Northeast  Canada. 

Fig.  1.  Woman's  Knii-k  (riA).     [iUvh'  licll-slKipi'il.  rivcU'il   inti)  a  (\vv\i  ;;rn()vc  of 
tlic  ivory  hasi'  of  {lie  liiiinll''.     Tln'   liaiidli'  consists  of  tlircf  parts.  U\o 
Ki'il'  <>'  iimsk-ox  horn,  tlif  st(>in  of  antler  insiTtfil  int<i  tlic  j;ri|i  and  sfwed 
with  sinew  tln-ead  to  tiic  lilailf  piece,     iieii^tli  of  knif<'.  \S  inches. 
Cat.  No.  1(11!  I,  U   S.  N.  M.     IVUy  liii.v.  isri.     (.'(illeclca  l.y  C'iiiit.  ('.  F.  Hall. 

Fig.  -2.  Woman's  Kmi-f,  (ri.l).  Blade  of  iron,  fa.i-sliai)ed.  riveted  to  the  iron  stem 
on  one  side  with  four  coppi-r  and  one  iron  rivets.  I'pper  end  of  stem 
driven  into  a  grip  of  miisk-ox  horn.  A  very  graceful  piece,  tlie  sid(>s  of 
the  hlade  were  roii^hiy  cut  with  a  cold  chisel  or  tile,  iieriiapshya  wiialiiiK 
s]ii|)'s  carpenter.     Length.  \  inches. 

Cat    No,  Ul-,'l.-).U.  S.  N.M.   iKloilik  Ksklmo.  ISTl.     ( '(.lli.cttMl  by  ('apt.  ('.  K.  Hall. 

Fig.  3.  Woman's  Knii'F.  (li,i).  Blade  crescent-slia|ied.  fastened  in  the  stem  of  tlie 
liandlc  of  untler  liy  an  iron  rivet.  The  grip  of  the  handle  resemhle.s 
closely  the  shape  of  the  lila<le.     Wiilth  <(f  lilade,  2!,  inches. 

Cut.  No.  (td'J.V.l,  r.S.  N.M.      F.skiino(.f  fiiKava,  Caiiaila.  ISSI.     CoUccti'd  liy   [.iici.-ii 
M.Tiirn.T. 


Report  of  Nat  onal  Muieum,   1890. -Mason. 


Plate  LV. 


ULUS,   or  WOMAN'S   KNIVtS,   FROM    NORTHEAST   CANADA, 


.'M,pin'«r  "  I   I  ■ ,      -)F!  I  I.  I  I  .11  m^m^^^^^^^^^n^^if^^mm^ffi^ytji^^m 


i/yi 


i  ii' 


V'?'/ 


i  ii' 


vT^m?^^ 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     LVI. 

ULUS,  OR   WOMAN'S   KNIVES,  FROM    MACKENZIE   DISTRICT 

Ki,!4.  '•  \V'>iMAN's  Knii'k  (CM  ),  Hindi'  uf  iron,  Ik^II  slia|ic(l.  Ilic  iiii|i<.r  rtiar<;in 
rixcli'il  to  two  stems  of  antler,  tlu'  latti'i-  |(a.ssiiij,;liii-oii,i;h  Miorliscs  in  tlit- 
liamlli' or  i;ii|).  The  s|M'ciniiMi  copies  vc'i>  rlo.scly  the  nHidcrii  cliopiier 
kiiilt'.      Widtli  oT  lilailf,   I.',  iiiclics. 

Cat.  Nn.  J-.';-,'.   I'.S.  \    M.      Ivskii f  .Xiiilri'sdii   Hivcr.  N.  W   raiiiwui.     Cilt  of  K. 

>lrl>';lrlillic 

l'i>4.  •-'.  Wii.Ma.n's  Kniki-.  (11, fi.  I'.lailc  ol  iron.  ii-a|ii'Z(ii'lal.  lastcncil  l>>  means  of 
two  copiiei  rivets  into  a  lianilje  of  w  alnis  ivor.w  The  liamlle  is  pierced 
liy  iidonhle  row  of  holes  on  its  upper  marjiia  Tor  a  lacing- ol  wha)elK)i.ie. 
Width  ol   hiade.  -"ij  inches. 

(  ill.  N'.,  :  ll'l.  I'    S.  N,  M.      Kskiiii,,  .,(■  |-'i,rl  .Miilrrsori.    (lift, if  |{    :\|iKai-l!iniv 

Fi,u.  ;>.  \V(>MAN''s  Kmik  hi, II.  Hl.ide  ol'  sheet  iron,  inserted  withonl  rivets  into  a 
slit  in  the  handle  ol'  walrus  ivory.  The  latter  is  excavated  on  both  sides 
ti>  (it  the  haiiil.  and  ornamented  witli  wlialehoiie  |ilaced  I hnni<,di  perfora- 
tions in  the  upper  1  oidei-  with  sliulit  variations.  Xos.  ."iSpJand  Tllilaro 
of  similar  stvle.      Width  of  hhide,  5  inches. 

(.'.-It.  Nu.  Ii;.)e.  f   s   \    M.     KslviMMinn'ort  ,\iiiliTs.iM,  N.  \V.  Canada.  IWit      (iil'tiifU. 
Jk'l'arlaiiK. 


Report  nf  NatiO'-al  Musetmi,   1890.     Mason, 


Plate  LVI. 


Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Mack? Nzif  District. 


rfiranaitsn^ 


•/^t 


i^7 


'ft 


oBmryf. 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     LVII. 

ULJS,  OR   WOMAN'S   KNIVES,  FROM   NORTHERN   ALASKA. 

Fig.  I.  \Vi)MAN->  Kmii:  (11,11.  IMadr  of  inni.  ti;i|.r/,.)i.|;il  11  ,liii|),-.  inserted  in  a 
UTiiovf  ill  a  liaiidlc  nl'  waliii.-;  i\(iry.  (lie  ii|i|((i-  Imnlcis  uf  wliicli  arc  ]ii'i- 
toralcil  and  a(li)rnc<l  witli  laciiif;  of  uiialcliniic,  •  A  doui)!*' couo  i.tTlora- 
tioii  scrvcN  lor  siispcji.sion  MriiiHs.     Width  of  l)ladc.  :(  iiiciics. 

Ctil.  .N'o.  ."iKIll.  1.  ^,  N.  M.     K>KiriMi  ul    the   i Ih  cf   Mai-K^'ii/.if    Hivr      (iifl    dl    I!. 

.^IcFiu'laiii'. 

Fig.:.'.   Wo.viANs  Kniki;  (CLl).    Hladt- of  diali  .-iati',  set    in   f;roovc  of  walrns  ivory 

liandic.     Tln'if  arc  live  ornaments  on  cacii  .side  of  the  latter,  made  caili 

of  a  dot  and  two  coneentvie  rings.     \\'idtl!  of  liladc.  :\  inches. 

Cat.   No.  S'.Mis;.  f,  s.  N.  M.     K>l<iiiie  nf   I'oini   Iiiurow,    .Miuska.    IKsi      CoILm-IivI  by 
Cil'l    !'.  II.  I!a.\.  f   S   .\. 

Fig.  ;i.  \\i>M.\Ns  KNii''K  iri.i).  liladc  of  drab  slate,  in  a  handle  of  airier.  The 
handle  coDsi.-^ts  of  two  M'|iarale  pieces  lashed  together  and  Iwld  lo 
the  lilaile  hy  the  sinew  passing  through  the  hole  in  the  npper  margin. 
Width  of  blade.  :;  inches. 

Cat     Ne.  S!ii;ss.  r.  S.  N.    M.     K-kiiiio  nf    )>,,iul    l!an'>.\v .  .MasluJ.    I.SS).     (.■ollected    l.y 
CaiK.  r.  If   Kay.  C.  s.  a 


Report  of  National  Mjseum,  1890.     Maion. 


Platl  LVII. 


TllL' 

lo 


^^^^^s^ 


Ulus,  OR  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Northe'<n  Alaska. 


, 


1 1*1 


!5 


I      I: 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     LVIII. 

ULUS,  OR   WOMAN'S   KNIVES.  KROM    NoRTHEHN   ALASKA. 

FIk.  I.  AVOM.\N"s  KMI'I',  lll.l).  Mlildc  of  hnnistdlli'.  Ifill-sililliccl  ill  Dllllillc  f\ccl)l- 
in^  tliiit  upon  niii'  iiiiir^riii  an  iiiij;iilar  iirojcction  cxtfiuls  ii|)\v,ir(l  fur  .'i 
tjiii;;  ill  iM'ii  iiiti)  till'  cm  I  (if  a  liil  nf  aiillcr  \\  liidi  serves  for  a  K''il'-  '  "'"■ 
tnir.x  to  till'  usual  niftliod,  the  taiij;  is  diivcn  into  ilir  i;raiii  of  I  In'  aiitiiT 
at  till-  fiiii.     Width  of  liladc.  -i  iiiclics. 

cm.  No.  WtiilHi.  f.  S.  N.   !M.     ':sl;iin<i  ol'   rniiil    Marmw  .    AlMska,   IKMI.     ( 'ulli-clfil  by 

1  iii'i  r  II  i;ii.v,  V.  s.  A. 
Fi;;.  2.    Woman's  KMhi;   (fi.n.     I'.liidc  of  drali  ^latc.  iirc^^ularlv  lri.iiii;ular.  tlrivcii 
into  a;.;idovc  of  ji  liit  ol'  antler.     Tlir  iiicndinji  of  tlii'  handle  hv  ineaiisof 
sinew   lashing  is  noteworthy.      Width  of  hhide.  :!  inches. 

(lit    Nil   KHiiSil.  f.  S    N.  M      ICsJMino  III    roini    Hai-|M« .  .Miiskii.    I^Kl,     r'l.lli'ctcd   liy 
('ii|il    P   H.  IMy.  f.S,  A, 

Viii.  :i.  \^'()Man's  Knike  (ri.t'i.  l^lade  of  slate,  an  irregular  trian;.!,!*'  instTted  into 
a  cut  in  a  handle  of  l)one,  \\  hieh  is  e;u'veil  into  the  shape  of  n  tisli's  tail, 
heteroeereal.      Length,  ."i]   iiiejies, 

^^M    \.i,  S!i(;;r,  f,  S.  N.  M.       Kskiim.    nl'    I'miiiI    H.iri'ow.    Aliiskii,  IWl.     t'(jlli'cliMl    hy 
(  iilil    I'    II    |{a>.  r.  S,  A. 


"T 


R*pon  o(  NationtI  Muitutn     HjO      Maaori 


PLAIt   LVII 


Uljs,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Northern  Alaska. 


!^ 


V  &  '■' 


'/>/ 


V'4' 


1 


'/>/ 


Fi^-. 


Flu. 


Vh 


i\ 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE    L!X. 

Ulus  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  FROM  Northern  Alaska, 

I.  Woman  s  Kmfkhiji.  Hlmi'Mil  slalc.M)iiu'\vli;it  rlcavcr-sliiiiM'd  iiiKliioiMtcd. 
Tlif  taiiK  :it  (lie  end  of  tlichlailc  is  a  ii.irallclonraiii  insortfil  in  a  deep 
cut  ill  llif  liaiitllf  ot  wiiali'  lil).  A  iasliiii'z-  ol  raw  liidf  liolds  the  liladc  in 
lilacc.  which  also  has  a  packin.u  oi  skin.     Lcn.utli. !)  iiicliPs. 

t'iil.  N<i.  S'.t.V.tl.  r.  S.  N.  :M.     l-:skiiM.i   i'I'    I'l'im    ISmi-Iiav.  Al;i^kii.    iSM.     Cillcrii^i    Ijy 

I'lipl.  V.  U    Kiiv.  I'.S.  A 

•2.   Woman's  Kmfk  dl.n.      Blade  of  slalcsct  in  a  .i;io"Vi'  <>!'  a  handle  (if  hone, 

one  side  split  of]',  to  whiehthe  handle  is  fastened  hy  a  lashinKof   rawhide 

passing,  throu.uh  a  jierforatioii  in  each.      A  lar^ei   hole   reeeiv.-  a   strinj; 

for  suspension.      Lenjitii  of  handle.  Ml  inches. 

Cat.  N...   WMWi.  \\  s.  N"    >l.     i>l<iiuo  nf  I'ciiif    Harrow.  Al.islca.  ;ssi 
.  ;!.    W'o.MAN's  KMi'Kiri.f!.      Uladeof   pectolile.  lon.i;  and   sl.'nder.  >howin.i:-   on 
the  stiai-ilt  hack  thi' doidilesasv-cnt  l.v  which  the  material  \\  as  .separat.'il. 
Handle  wanting;.     Length.  7;  indicN 

I'Ml.  N...  .-iiltKlii.  r.  S   N    AI.      IvsKiniM   ,,r    I'oirit    li,iiTi>\\ .  .Maskn,    ISs-l.     (■,,lli.,-nMl    liv 
(M|it.  r.  II.  lia.v.  V   S.  A 
.  I.    Woman's  Knii'k  di.ti.     Blade  of   pectolite.  the  .-pecial   form  of  jades  in 
this  ie^i,,n.      Handle  wantin.u'.     Len};tli.  U'  iiieh(>s. 

Cai    N.I   .s'li;;.-,.  U.  S    N.  "\1.      Kskiine   nl'    l'..lril    r.arr.iu.    MasUa.  !SK.l.      ( 'ullfrlf.l   l)y 
Cupi.  1'.  H.  Kuy,  I     S.  A. 


Heport  of  Nat  gra;  Muatum,  1890.     Mason 


Plate  LIX. 


,<Mmmmmmmmmmmimmm 


■■i 


M 


« 


Ulus,  OR  WOMAN'S  Knives,  FROM  Noiithern  Alaska. 


•ii 


n^ 


\)ii 


I 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     LX. 

Ulus,  or  Woman's  Knives,  from  Kotzebue  Sound. 

Viu;.  1.     Woman's  Knife  (cia:).     Bladi'  of    iron,  (iiiudraiit-sliaped.  iiisertcil  Hriiily 

iiili.  !•    i;;-*^  11.11  111'  or  Ki'ipoi'  niiisk-ox  horn.     Widtli  ot  l)lii(le.  'k  iiR-lies. 

Cat.   N.     i.tlH),  I.  .S.  N.  M.    ICskiiuc)  nf  Kot/.t-lme  Snuiiil,  l.H,'<4.    CoUet'U'd  by  Lieut. 
li    .\l   ..(     .      ,  U.  S.  .N'. 

Fij;.  'J.    S\).m.\n's  K.>iKK(rLv  I     Bladcuf  lioriistoiu-.  ran-sliapcd.     HaiKlIi'waiitiiiK. 
Wiiltli.'M  inches. 

Cm.  ;  ■,.  ,.:(!'~.  U.S.  .'■      '.      iOskiiiio  iif  Kcit/.i'bui'  Sound.  l'-H4.     CnlUvtcd  by  r.ii'Ut. 
<i.  M.  Sti  I  j.v.  (     S.    V 

Fi^.  ;i.   Wo.m.vn's  K'mi-k  (um  ,.     IMiui.    )l' jadwtc.  tiiiii  and  highly  ])oUslu'd.  set  in  a 
pine  liandlc.  which  is  altogether  modern.     Length,  (i\  inches. 

Cat.  Nil.  riilirii.  r.S.  N  M.      EskiuK.  lit'  Cniie  T.ishunu',  .Vliiskii.     Collected  by  II.  I). 
Woollc. 


Report  of  Nat  onai  Museum,  1890.     Mason. 


Plate  LX. 


Ulus,  or  Woman's  Knives,  from  Kotzebue  Sound. 


U}1 


'if' 


I    I'lmm.'m''     I 


./>f 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     LXI. 
Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Hotham  Inlet  and  Cape  Nome. 

Fij;,  1.  Woman's  Knifk  iCH).  HUuU'  of  huiiistoiic.  lcu(-sliii|)iMl.  witii  a  jirojec- 
tioii  from  (uic  margin.  Tlic  liaiKiic  isof  ilic  most  piiiuitiv.-  cliaractcr, 
iK'iiiK  foriiu'd  of  (wicr.  wnippt'd  hack-wanl  ami  foiwar.j  lonKiliidiiiailv 
and  lu'ld  linnly  in  plaft«  iiy  cross  twining  and  weaving;-  of  Hh-  same 
material.     Tlic  intfrstlccs  arc  tilled  witli  tish  scales.     Lenfrth.  ;}i  indu's. 

cm.  Ni).  (Wniri,  r.  .S.  N.  .M.     lOhl.i I  llolliinn  Inlfl,  Alaska.     CnllfclcMl  hy  I.UmiI   (i 

M.  .Sldiit'.v,  V.  S.  N 

l"ig.  'J.  Woman's  Kmkk  (ii.i).  Hlaile  of  clierl  or  Hint  material,  inserted  in  a  han- 
dle of  wood.  On  tl:e  iijiper  mar^!,in  of  the  latter  at  eitlier  corner  arc  three 
cro.ss  );aslies  or  ^^rooves. 

Cal    Nil.  mnWi.  r.  S.  N.  M      l-SkiiiKMif  lloHiain  Iiili't.  .\laska,     i 'ullci'i.-d  \,y  l.iiMif.  (f. 
.M.  St(in.',v.  r.  s.  N 

Fi^.  ;>.   WoM.XN's  Knikk  (I  1.1),     Handle  of  walrns  ivory  ahrnptly  wedfic-sliaped. 

like  the  kernel  of  a  Hra/.il  ntit.     Ornament.  <;roove.  and  lu.-rriii};-  l)one  on 

top,  lines  and  allernatin,n' tooth-shaped  cuts  on  the  side,  with  live  scratches 

resemhlinK  inverted  trees.     I'ockel  ^I'oove  for  hlade.     Length.  :2.Unclies. 

Cat.  No.  II.V.IS,  l",  S.  .\,  M,    KskiiiUMif  Cupe  Noiiii',  .Vluskii,  l.SM(l,   ( '(ill.'ct.-il  by  K   \V. 
.Vfksuii, 


Rtpiirt  of   rJat  or.ll  Muitjm     1890       Mison 


Plate  LXI. 


'I ,, 


Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Hotham  Inlet  and  Cape  Nome. 


/ii. 


>i^ 


•  i7 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     LXII. 

Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Plover  Bay.  St.  Lawrence  Island,  and  Norton  Sound 

Fig.  I.   Wo.M.vN's  Knife  (ui.L).     Hltule  of  iron,  rcctauKiilar.  iiiscrt.oil  into  a  iiockct 

gniovH  in  tliu  handle  of  antler,  much  weathered      Almost  identical  witli 

specimen  from  St.  Lawrence  Island.     Lenj^th  of  handle,  8  inches. 

Cat   No.  4t)-r)(i,  L'.  S.  N.  M.     Kskiiiio  of  I'lovcr  May,  Kasfciii  .silxM-ia      CollciH-tl  liv  W. 
II.  Dull. 

Fig.  :.'.   \VoM.\N"s  Knife   (rnj).     Blade  of  iron,  evidently    not    designed  for  the 

handle,  set  in  a  pocket  groove  twice  too  long  for  it.     Handle  of  walrus 

ivory,  wedge-sha|)ed.  wider  in  the  middle.     Length  of  handle,  4:1  inches. 

Cat.  No.  1-,'riKW.  r.  S.  N.  M.     Kskimo  of  St.  Lawifiii'i-  Island,  isso.     Colh'ctcil  l.v  K. 
\V    Nelson. 

Fig.  ;5.  Wo.M.vNS  Knife  (ri.r).  HIade  of  slate,  very  large,  inserted  in  a  small 
grooved  piece  of  ivory  and  held  in  ])!ace  hy  a  packingof  rawiiide.  Width 
of  blade,  S  inches. 

("at.  No.  iVWi.  IJ.  S.  N.  M.    MjiIhuuii  Kskimo  of  Norton  .Sound,  .Uaska.    follcetwl  hy 
l.ncifii  ;M.  Tnt'ticr. 


Report  of   Nat'ona-  Museum,   1890.  — Mason 


Plate  LXII. 


Ulus.  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Plover  Bav,  Sr.  Lawrence  Island,  and  Norton  Sound. 


p' 


,  !'? 


a' 


i  !'? 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE     LXIII. 

Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Norton  Sound 

Fi.,'.  \.  Woman's  Knife  (i;i,i).  Blud.' of  iron,  ii  tnmcateil  circnliir  st'^'mcnt  iii- 
scrtfd  ill  a  Ki''><)\<'in  11  liamlle  of  walnn  ivory.  Tlic  ornament  uroiiii.l 
the  Lonler  i.y  alternation  of  points give^  a  fuiiienlate  etrect.  Tiie  iiateli- 
ing  is  poorly  done.     Blade  :ii  inches. 

(■ill.  Ne.  .ICI.y  f.  S   N.  M      UiialiKiiiul  KsKiiiiu  i,f  si.  Michiifl-.,  Alii.ska      CnlliM'tt'd 
iiy  K.  \V,  Ni'Isoii, 

Fiy:.  •>.  Woman's  Knih-i.;  Hi.ii.  Blade  of  diirU  slate,  set  in  groove  of  \voo,leii  han- 
ille.  the  hitter  jyerforated  for  suspension.  Tliis  specimen  lias  never  lieeii 
used.     Leiifith  of  lilade.  ."i.^  inches. 

fat.  N'd.  VU-.a.  V.  S.  N.  M.     riialitriiiiit  Kskinio.  st    MidiiU'ls.  Alaska      (\.ll.-i-t,',l  hv 
I'l  W"    Nflsdii. 

Wom.vn's  Kni|.k  (11. 1).  Blade  of  slate,  uii.symmelrically  l)cll->liape<l.  in- 
>erted  in  a  grooved  hiindle  of  soft  wooil.      Width  of  hiade.  lij  inches. 

Cat.  No.  a-iril,  U.  S.  N    M      riialitriiiiit    Kskiuio  ,>f  .St,    Micliacls.  Alaska.     Cnlj.-rt,.,! 
liy  K   \V.  Nelsdii. 

Woman's  Kn(i.'k  iiii.r).  Blade  of  iron,  in.serted  inn  groove  of  the  walrus 
ivory  iiandle.  The  latter  is  lieautifiiily  colored  I.y  use  and  cut  out  in 
graceful  curves,  so  as  to  comlaneperfectl ylightne.ss and  .strength.  Wiilth 
of  lilade.  :i.(  inches. 

t"at.  N(i.  •J|:iiiii.  L'.  .s.  N.  M.      inalifjiimt    Kskiiiio  .if  St.  'Miilmfls,   Alaska.  |S7S     c,,! 
Ii'i'ti'd  liy  laicieii  y]   TiirinT. 

Fi.H-.  r,.  W.)MAN"s  Knifk  (L-i,f).  Bla.le  of  iron,  usual  form,  inserted  into  ihe -roove 
of  the  handle  of  walrus  ivory.  The  handle  is  in  shape  of  an  oranue  sey- 
ineiit.     .\  ditninutive  specimen.      Blade  '.>,'„  inches  wide. 

Cal     No.  iwi,;.  (•   s.  N.   .M.     I'lialakli-i't  Ivskiiuo,  .Xort.iii  Smiri,!.   \laska      (  olU.rl.M 
liy  K    \V    N..l.s(Mi. 


Fi-  ;i. 


Fig.  4. 


Report  of  National  Museum    1890.     Mason 


Plate  LXIII. 


Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Norton  Sound 


I 


1^/ 


IH 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    LXIV. 

Ulus'or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  FROM  Norton  Sound  and  Lower  Yukon. 

I'lii.  \.  Woman's  K  Nii'r  (I  H).  Hliulc  of  lilack  slnti'.  tyiiicjil  in  form.  iiirvciU'(l<;t> 
;iii(l  stiai>;lit  hack,  iiiscrtfil  in  tlic  gi'oovf  of  a  ciiiiiisv  |iine  IkhkIIc.  and 
hi'ld  in  iilacc  liv  a  la->hiiin  of  spruce  mol  iia.ssini;  tliioiiKli  tlic  liainlif  and 
llirnut;li  ;i  ImiIc  niiihcd  in  llic  i)ladc.     LcuKtli  nt'  hladc.  4}  inches. 

flit.  No  :)M-,'.M,  r.  S.  N    .M.     i:i<iiKiiiul   Kskiiiio.   \.u\\i'f  Yiikeii.     Colli-cteci  liy  K.  W. 

Nt'lsdll. 

Kijx.  '-'•  Woman's  Knikk  (li.il.  Hiadr  of  drali  shitc.  loiij;.  sicniliT,  ami  finiiislicd 
witli  a  iashinti-iioic.  made  not  hy  holing  hnt  liv  tlie  meeting  nf  frj-ooves 
sunk  on  the  two  sides.  This  sort  of  perforation  i.s  ijiiiU-  coUHnon  in  iihi 
hlades  of  slate.      Leii.iith.  S  inches. 

(.'at.  No.  4,SKt|,  r.  S   N.  M      i;i;oKinut   Kskinio   l.owci-  YiiKoii   .Miiskii.     < 'olli'i'tt'd  I'V 
K   \V    Nelson 

I'ij;.  ;!.  Woman's  Knikk  (1  l.i).  Hlaile  of  <lark  slal<'.  in  form  of  i  irciilar  segment. 
Its  size  indicates  its  use  for  cutting  lish  and  meat  rather  than  skins. 
Lenj:;th.  ini  inches. 

Cut    No.  :i;!;i;(i.  I",  S    N.  M.     Miili'inul    l•.'.■^l<illlo  of  Norton  SouihI    Alaskii      CoIIim'IimI 

liV  K.  \V.  Ni'lson 

Fij;.   t.   Woman's  Knikk    (fl,t).     Called   a   meat-knife  in   Mr.   Turner's  catalooue. 

Blade  of  cleaver  shape,  riveted    into  a  verv  deep  .uroove   in  a  handle  of 

antler.    The  latter   jirojects  from  the  lilade  ami  liason  its  underside  three 

deep  lin.u'er  grooves.      F*ierce<l  for  suspension.      F.enoth  of  knife,  S  inches, 

('ill    No.  'Jl-'tli.").  U.  S.  N.  M.     I'MiillKniut  Ksklino,  sonlli  of  Noi'ton  .Soiiiid,  .Vlivska. 


Repu'l  of   Nal.onil  Mmsum,  1890.      Mjson, 


Plate  lxIV. 


*^wii  iwmipftmfiiii 


,i'^A"\\\\\V''^'' 


,A'A\# 


./ii'''i ''\  Mill  1 ""' Vl»»-v<«**»*w'-«;^  '  " 


Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Norton  Sound  and  Lower  Yu 


KON. 


t/t . 


V«'J 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    LXV. 

ULU3   OR  WOMAN'S  KNIVES,  FROM  NORTON  SoUND  AND  VICNITV, 

just  ..nouKi.  to  1.01.,  „..  i, 1      ,,J,  ,  :;7"''  '"."•"""  '^  ""■■^•'■"•"' 

t».-  '""•k  of  a  raxo...     i.oul.n.s       „•  ,      J        '  ,  i  r':" /"IT!"'"'  ''^^ 

^  ;::;^"T;ci."n:;.i;;:;'-'''-''"--^^^ 

'^"^^"■•»'^^-.i;ski.Moo.N„nival.lsl„M,l.  Alaska.    ,'.,ll..,,.. •  K.  W   v,.,s.,n 

i:;:;;;;;;";;,::r"' .■-.■.■--:;;r:;;";^,™:::;i: 

Cat.  No.  .r;!..  r.  S.  .\.  M. 
n,.  0.  WoM  vN-s  K^,KK  „,.n.      na... f  walrus  ivo.-y   ui.i.   ,„...a<l  .t..,n    like 

'"''ioi!"''  '•  '■  "^^  '■■    '-'^'■"-"•^■''•-■'"H.y,  Alaska,  IHHO.  Col.e..,...n.v  K.  W. 


Rf  pott  of  National  MuKunrii  1890.-  Muxin, 


Plate  LXV. 


^e^is^r^ 


---y^rsjmr^^^ 


"NK 


\:// 


Ulus.  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Norton  Sound  and  vicinity. 


4<J- 


f 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    LXVI. 

ULUS,  OR   WOMAN'S   KniVES.    FROM    NORTON   SOUND  TO   KUSKOKVIM   RlVER. 

ri.H'.  1.  Woman's  Knikf.  ai.ri.  IIuikHi'  of  walrus  ivory,  witli  slit  for  iiKsfrtion  of 
metal  Mailr.  without  rivets.  There  is  au  openiiij;-  to  form  tlH';;ri|).  and  a 
l)ro)eitioii  at  one  end  is  in  nnltalion  of  a  seal's  head.  The  ornamenta- 
tion consists  of  scratches  and  a  coarsely  cut  j^'Utler.  Blade  wanfinj^. 
IvCtiKth.  '■i\  inches. 

(';U    No.  iKlliH.  r.  S.  N     \|       N'iiliilili)|iiK';iiHiit    Kskiiiiw.  .\l.iska      (  nil  Tlfil    liy  I'.    W. 
Ni'ImiIi. 

I'i^;.  '2.  WoM.w's  Kmki'.  (fi.i).  Ifandle  of  walrus  ivory,  with  slit  for  insertion  of 
metal  lilade,  without  rivets.  The^ri|(  is  cl(>\erly  formed  by  theelonjj;ated 
l)ody  of  marmot,  the  head  project iuj;-.  Oriiameiitation,  three  hands 
scratched  on  the  liorder  and  livedots.      Mlade  wantin>;-.    L»'n>!;th  4^  inches. 

Cat.  No.  .■iSfJii,  f    s.  NM.      Niiloktolo>r:iriiiil    Kskiino.  .\lrtskii       CoIIccI.mI   liy  K.  \V. 

Nelson. 

_Fig.  :i.   Wom.vn's    Knikk.  (ii.ri.     Handle  a  <leiicate  specimen  of   ^^■alrus  ivory  ui 

form  of  a  sledjjje,  the  groove  for  tile    metal   hlaile  in  the  cui'vecl  portion. 

The  ;;ri|t  separateil  from  the   hlade  pieee  liy  a  lonj;   open    .-,pace.      .\t  the 

end  of  the  handle   is  the  head  of  a   seal  devouring  a    miniature  walrus. 

The  dot  and  circle  ornament  is  useil.      l,enij;th.  4^  inches. 

Cut.  No   :tr!«i(l,  I'    S  N    M      '^hii.'i'iiiiit  Kskniioof  Kii-kokviiii    liay.  Alaska     Collccli'il 
l.y  K.  \V   N.lson 

Kiii.  1.  WoM.w's  KNiKKd'M'i.  Small  handle  of  walrus  ivory,  fairly  carved,  and 
liiiv  ino-  a  dee])  o'loove  for  a  metal  hlade.  On  one  end  is  the  head  of  .some 
animal,  on  lhe<ithera  human  face,  and  all  over  the  surface  dots  tind 
i^eomeiric  )i.ittern?-.      I.en;;th,  I,  inches. 

Cal     No   :VM\-iS.  I'lialit-'iimt  Kskliiio.  St.  Micliaels.  .\laska     Culli'cteil  l)y  Iv  W.  Nelson. 

Fij;.  ■").  Wd.M.^NS  Knipk  (ii.i).  Handle  (vf  antler,  and  unii|ne  inform.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  usuiil  jiToovefor  the  hlade.  (he  haiiille  is  e.vteiided  in  ono 
diri'i'tioii  to  t'orin  the  head  of  an  animal.  Upon  the  sides  are  shown  the 
ij;]oo.  <ir  hut.  of  .an  lOskimo  family,  the  scalfold.  on  which  all  thino;saro 
put  otit  of  the  way  ofthe  doj^s.and  a  party  of  Eskimo.     Leno;th.  (I  indies. 

Cut.  No    ^.m:);!!,  r.  .s    N    M.     KsKiMioof   Norton  Somnl.     ColliM'leil  liy  Liicicii  .M.  Tiir 
Iter. 


Report  of  Natinml  Museum,   18M.— Mlion. 


Plate  LXVI, 


Ulus,  OR  WovAN-s  Knives,  from  Norton  Sound  to  Kuskokvim  R 


IVER. 


Kr 


i- 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    LXVII. 

Ulus,  oh  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Kuskokvim  District. 

ImK-  1.  Woman's  Kmh;  in.i  ).  Hiunllf  ..f  walrus  ivm-y.  witli  slit  fur  msn-tioii  of 
iiiclal  liliidc.  witlioiit  rivfts.  Tlir  outer  iiiiirKiu  is  cularKi'd  to  form  a 
st'fuii'  Ki'l'  Tlie  oniaiiuiitatiou  In  coiict'iitric  riiif;:s  varicj;atc(l  witli 
KnM)Vf(lli!ics  liasa  pU-asiMK  flfci-t.  Hladc  wautiiiK.  LfiiKtli  of  liaudlc, 
:ii  iiiclifs. 

cm.  No.  :i;:Wr.  r.  S.  N.  M.  Atfuiattaumtf  Kskiino.  Aliiskii.  Collfi'ltMlliy  K.W.  Ni-lsori. 
Via.  '-i.  Woman's  Knii'k  ii  i.i).  Blade  of  iron,  set  in  tlie  Ki'x'Vfof  a  walrus  ivory 
liaiidle.  With  endless  variety  of  detail  tliisforni  of  liandl.'.  with  a  cresc  tiit- 
sliaped  opening,  is  typical.  Ornaiiieiitaliou,  a  unmve  aliove  with  cross 
lines  ill  pairs  and  fours  and  <'ross  hatching;-  in  the  lower  part.  Width  of 
Itlade,  ;{  inches. 

("«t    No.  :i  ;j|i:,  U.  S.  N.  M.     KiiiiKiKiuia(.'iiiMuti'   Kskiiiici   ncn-lli  slnpii'  nf  Kuskokvim 
Hil.V.  isr',).     CoUi-i'lcd  by  !•:.  W     Nilsoii. 

FiK.  :(.   Woman's  Kniik  (tLl  ).     Handle  of   walrus   ivory,  very  Ki'iK'iiilly  carved 

and  ornamented  with  thickened  hase  for  lil.ide.  a  crescent -shaped   ra/or- 

lack  on  the  n|i|ier  margin,  a  very  thin  diaplira^nn  helween  the  hase  and 

npjier   lorder.  which  is  cut  away  on  its  upper  inarjiin.     'I'he  blade   Is  of 

iron,  and  the  whoh-  piece  is  very  heantiful.     Length,  ;{i  inches. 

fill.   No.   i:m\\7,  V.  S.   N.   M.     i:skiiiio  •>(   Kii.sk.ikviin  Km-r    Ahiskii     ((.llccted  by 
(  vnis  .\(ller. 


Report  of  Naiionai  Mii»«um,  1890      Mas 


Plate  LXVII. 


6i 


Ulus,  or  Woman  s  Knives,  from  Kuskokvim  District. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    LXVIII. 

ULUS,  OH   WOMAN'S   KNIVES,  FHOM    BRISTOL   BAY. 

FiK.  L   Woman's  Kmh.:  „■,,-,,     |t  issiniplv  .  hla.l ■.•,.|,  ,.1   sh,,...  will,  .■,  Iu.hII.. 

of    w,M,.i  |„,.,vt..i  aiMl  (itt.Ml  on  11...  t..,.  so  that    tli..  sla Mewls  II„,u,kIi 

■       .111.1  alx.v,..      it  iM.vi.|,.„t  that  Nv.-liav,.  lM.n.K<.ll,..il...|.nvil„.waln,.aiv,, 
.in.l  tli..n.Ki..h  olsini,..  Willi  .■,,i„.|i..i.lal  IVa..|Mn.,      It  is  als.,  ..\  i,|,.„t  that 

w..  an.  away  Irom  tli,.  Iin..s  „|  .\l...ri-i,.al  an.l  i;iin.|,..aii  travel 1  trallir 

l-«'iiKlli  1)1'  liiiii.lk',  )i'i  inciii.s. 

I    .\|i)ili.t;ii|.. 

KiK.  •-'.    \V..MAN's   Knifk  (i-,.,-,.      ii.HMll..  ,.r  w I.      nia.i..  ,,C  slat...    r..s..M.I,li , 

sliorl  .la.kk.nf...  I.la.l,.  ii,s,.i|,.,l    into  tli,.  ..n,|  ,,f  tl„.  tmiiMular  l.aii.ll..  an.l 
ia.-lit'.l  vMth  .siii.'w.     I,..iij;tli,  5  iricli(.s. 


<'.ii    \...  i-,'r;.T..  (•  s.  N.  >i. 

('n|l(.,-l..il  liy  W    ,1    Fish,. I 


.i^'lilliilil    l-Miiiii,,  ,,(•    l-^'iishik,    A 


la.skaii    I'l'iiiiisiij,! 


FiK.  .i.   Woman's    Kmkk    ii  i.n.       Hla.l..  .,r   Kn.,.nisli   slat 


twic,.  near  tli..  iippoi  mai-Kiii  fur  l.-isliiiij.  ,,r  t\ 


F\^:.   I.    \\. 


I 'lit    \(i.  IHUl'.i.  I".  S    \    M 

\v. .(  risi„.| 
'Man's  Kniii-.  (i  i.n. 


.',  sciiiicir.iilar.    iiitrc'il 
ir  rivets.      Wi.llh.  ,',  in,li.  s. 


i^riiliiini    KsKirii,,  ,,1    ItnstuI   |!i,y.  Aliisl, 


M.       ('i.1I.M.|,m|    I,. 


HI; 


iil.'ol'  slal...  l..;il'-s|ia|,..,|.  ins.. it. '.I   in  the  ..nil  .,f 


•'' '<'-sliM|...<l  wnodrii  liaiiill,.   at    ii II   im^l'' < 'f  4.')  .      Tl 

('orat...l  ((.r  tlu'  tliiiiiih  .'iixl  liM-..is,  aii.l  f,.r  suspcnsi,,],.    |...,,M,h'„7| 


II'   liaii.llc  is  jj 


in. 'I 


laii.lli' 


('ill.  Nil    l'.'r:(,s  .  r    s   N.  M       Ksk 


Mii..i,fT.rial,  lliu-f.     C.ll.M.t..,!  |,\   I, 


Applf;;!!!.-. 


Rtport  of  Nitiond  MuMum,  1690. — Mtton. 


Plate  LXVIII. 


Ulus,  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  from  Bristol  Bay. 


•5  1 


Viis 


Vi'A.  •,'. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    LXIX, 

UlUS,  OR   WOMAN'S  KNIVES.  FROM   BRISTOL   BAY. 

^^^  .MAN'S  Kn.!-,.-,  Hu-i  Bla.l."  ..r  in,,,,  in  s|,..,,...„r  .  sl,.,|p-  nmm.r.  iMs..,t..,| 
in  a  ixH'kct  ;.r..nv,.  ,.f  11.,.  ivmy  lia.i.ll,..  Nvl.ich  iia>  thr  slia|K-  of  tlu"  Kkvi)- 
tiaii  syiiil.nl  ol  tl...  <  >.•.      i,.  ii-ili.  ;{j  jihIm.s. 

(•«t.\,.   W..IN,,.  f.    S.    N.    M       Ksl.i,,,,,   „t    Hhs,„|    ,!„v.    Alaska      < 'oil..,..,.,!    I.y  C    I 

WuMANs  Km,.-,.;  (I  1.1  ,.  Hla.k  ..f  s|at..,  ins..,„.,l  i„  ;.  ,,..,.k,.,  ..,.„„...  ..f  the 
w..,„U..,  han.ll...  Tl...  lalt.r  is  .sl,a|...,l  lik,.  tlu-  KKV|.tia..  sv,„l..,|  C..,-  tla- 
eve.  tl,<...|„.,uM«  lull, Mil- a  ( ..nv,.|,i,.|.t  ,-aN  in  fur  ilminl.  and  iiii.l.ll,.  IJn- 
Kt'i-.     Tumpaiv  .V.IMS.      l.cn-il,.,V(  in,  li.'s. 


('ill    N, 


.'.ill„r,  r,  S.  N    M        {•>|, 


M,-Kiiv 


K>.kM,i,.    ,.!'    |lns|.,|    Kay.   Alu.skii.      (',.ll,.,-l,.,l    l,y  (\  \„ 


I-'i^ 


WnMANs  K.MiKiil.i  >.  I{la,l.,,f  in.n,  n.un,!...!  at  .itli.M  ..|i,l.  ins.Tl.Ml  i„  ii 
l.(.i'kt'i  .m-„,\,.,.r  III.  iv,,iv  liaiKlir.  uiii.h  lias  a  iK.t.lu'.j  Lack  an, I  iin- 
pyiiiiiiKrical  upniin,.'  f,,r  ih..  tlniinl.  an, I  tinpTs.     Lfiij^lJi,  41,  in, 'lies. 


Clll     \. 


.MrK,l\ 


.Vt|S    f.  s    N\  M        .-..kimn   o|    Hi-iMipI    liav.  .Mask 


a.skll,       (o||l',l.'i|    liy   (■     I,. 


Fit;.  ». 


\V,.MA.N-s  Kmi-K  (il.ri.  Itla.l.'  an,l  liaiull,'  uf  ..n,.  ]m-rv  ,.f  in.i,.  tli,.  f..niier 
ill  sjiap.-  <.f  a  l.m.l„.r-.-<  kiiilV.  I  la-  latlcr  is  riii|..,|  ,,vrv  tlic  l.la-U"  in  a  si,,- 
i.a.i.l.uiv..  an.l  sl.;il,il\  u-:.'..!  to  th.'  I.a<'k.  IM,l,.Mtlv  not  of  native 
make.     I,i'ii;4tli,  t),  inili.s. 

C.ii    \.,   .-..V.is/,,  r    .s.  N    M      l-.skii.i,.  ..1  HnM..|  n.iv.  Alask.i.     (  .,ll,-,.t,.,|  l,v  (•    I, 
McKav. 


ftepoit  Qf  Ndtiori4i  Muiiuun.    \S90      Meiior. 


Plate  LXIX. 


Ul'js,  oh  Woman's  Knives,  frum  Bristol  ft^y. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    LXX. 
Ulus.  or  WOMAN'S  Knives,  h,om  Br  stol  Bav,  Alaskan  Peninsula,  and  Kadiak, 

•■•U.  1.  \V.,M.vN-sKMPKa,,...  KhHl.,,,  MM..l,la..ksl.,..  M.UMa.le..,.,.nrk..t^r....ve 
<•!  tl...  vvM.,.|..|,  l„M„l|...  s,.,,.,.  ,.,„  ,„„  „„  ,„„,,  ,i,,,.,„t.  „,,.  ,,.,_,^,|^.  ,.^^^ 
Iliuinl,  ;iii(l  nil. 1(11, '  linger.      LciiKtli.  :i-  iiirlic^. 

(a.     N,..  x,,i,,i.    I  .  s    \    M       Kski, r  |,,i.„,|   !;„;».    u.sK,,      r„l|,.,.,..,|  u   ,•    , 

•I  I  ■  Is  II  V  ,1.. 

FU.  V.    WoMvv.  KxuK, ,,,..,      nia, f  -lat...  s.,    in  a   ,.„.k,,  „.,....  in  a  1. U- 

"t  '•'■.lar  w,„.,|.  an. I  li..|,l  in   pla.v   \,y  a  s,.izin-..r  w.,.>.i.      A  vix  .,|,|  .uhI 
iiiiii'li  UM'il  >|MMimt'n.      I.cnpili.  7;  inclio. 


Fisli.'i 
i''i>;-.  ;(.    \V.»M  w's  Knii 


Cal.N...  :Mn..,  I-    s   N.  M,     Kskii •   KM.Ii.,k    I..),.,,.!.  \l„sk,i 


1         I    nil. •.■!.■. I     l,\     \V     ,|. 


I'll.i  ),  Hla.l.-.,!  sial...  slia)...,!  like  a  .sl...luv  nnnuT.  lasl„..| 
lMalian.ll...,(  w,„,.|,  w|,i..|,  i.  nm.lit..,,  ,|,..rt .  I.v  a  .plini  of  ,,«„  ,,,,.sin. 
""'""■-''  ""•'•'■ .111.1  ..v.T  II,..  lian.li...      Wi.lih  ..ri,la.l...(i^  in.li..s. 

«'ai     N,.    '.HiU-:.l    S.S    M       KskiM,„„l    K..,|,mK    ,.!  ,„.!     Ak,>k„,      ,  „||..,., v\V    1 


l-'iu.  ).    U'.iM  \\s    K 


,        ,,  ^■"''■-    '"■'''■'■       '^'-"l"'  of   ^lal...   Mt    in  a   |H„k..|   -.-....x..   ,.r    ih,. 

'^""'I''-  "n.l..   I,v   s,,li,|,n«-  il„.   lan.T,  ..x,-,n-..,in..   tin.  ^hmv,.   .-.n.!   tl„.„ 

bsim.n-  .„..  ,u.,  ,,a,tst....,  ,1,..,  an.l  1..  tl„.  l.la.l,.  I.v  si„..,v  ,„ssiM«  fhn.u^^l. 

tl...  I.la.i..  an.l  tlin.uu!.  tl...  I.an.ji..  an.l  M.nk   in  a  -r.-.v..  ..r  ||„.  han.ll.- '.„, 

'■'""■'■  ''"'•■•     ■''I"'  ''.""ll'-  I' 1-^  ^I'iii  ll.-sl.a|....|  Is.      |..n-!l,.  !t  ^  in,.|i,... 

I  ■.UN..  :.'.-.ll,  f   s   \    M      |.;skim.,  ..f  il„    vu^iaiu  IvMiii^.l.i     .  ,.||,.,.i,.,i   i.v  w   ,J 


RviW  o'  Nut ...  il  Mjs»  ;ir    '890      M«»on 


Plate  LXX. 


1 


Ulus.  oh  Woman'.t  Knives,  krom  Bri,-;ol  Bav.  Alaskan  Pf.mnsu.  a   anu  Kad  ak. 


••"''■i' 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    LXXI. 

Ulus,  OH  Woman  s  Knives,  from  Kadiak  and  Southward 

FiK.  1.  WoMAN-s  KviKK  (VIA).  I.arKV  l.la.ir  oC  slat.'  ins..,!-,!  in  ,.  Rrnnv,.  nf  tl... 
cvlui.lncul  lian.ll..  .,f  w..n,|.  a.ul  1,..1,1  in  ,,la,.,.  l.v  a  lasl.inK  ..r  l.rai.l.Ml 
smew,  ulu.  h  fniM.nic  nhknnwn  ivaMMi  is  MivLIkmI  luiHalli  tli.'  Iiantll.- 
(loiM  ..11..  lasliiny  i.Ml)..  nil„.i-.      |.,.nKlli  uf  l.hi.l...  :,';  inclirs. 

I  .a    N...  T-J.-.«(l.  r,  S.  X    M.     KskiMi...  Kihlliik      (■..ll<.rl,.,l  l,,v  W.  .1.  Vinhrr 

FiK.  a.   Woman's  Kmkk  ,.  i.,  ,.      Ula.l-  nf  i.nn.  r,vsr..n.-,sl,ap.'..  an.l  Imn.ll.M.C  w.mmI 

'  "'  "  ' ■'"^'''>'  ""i'ittiiiK  llios..  Ml  MS,.  an...n«-  .ivilix.r.l  |.,.o|,l,.  lor  ni.-at 

«lin|)|.,rs.      l„.nKlli  ..f  liandli..  tl|  iii.hi.s. 

lat    \o  ;  i.lil.j.  I  ■    s.  N.  M     Tlipinii  liKlimis.  Silkii.  Alasliii    (clIiTt..,!  I,v  T  T   M.F  ..iiii 
Fig.:!.    \VnMAN-sK.v,n;ai.r».     151a. f  slat...     llan.ll..wan.in«.     r,,..n  il...  „|,,...,- 

margin  ol  il...  Ma.l..  isalan^  I-!  iinla's  wi.l..  i,,  ivn.l...- it  tirrn  in  ilslian.ll.. 

Width  ..r  Mail...  t!|  ini'lics. 

(al    \„    :,•;;•,'.,.  I  .  S.N.  .M.   TliMK'it    In.luiMs  .,M-..il   WrnnKl.'.  Alaska.     („ll,.,.w,l  l,v 
W.J.  !•  jslu.r. 


Rrporl  of  Nitional  MuMum    18»0.     Ma«m. 


Plate  LXXI. 


?i 


v^^H^  .  C 


Ulus,  OR  Woman  b  Knives,  Fr<oM  Kadiak  and  southa'ard. 


i  • 


y^ 


